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常用Java工具库学习系列(零)——Apache Commons

Hollis出品的全套Java面试宝典不来了解一下吗?

要提高Java编程水平,一条可以走的路就是学习优秀的开源框架。这又要分两个层面:应用层面和源码层面。从应用来说,开源的框架大都可以给你带来生产力和/或代码质量的大幅提升;从源码来说,Java开源框架,尤其是那些大型的优秀的框架,其源码对广大Java爱好者来说都是一笔巨大的财富,你可以从中学到许多课本上学不到的东西:编码习惯、代码组织、注释、文档、如何用Java解决实际问题、特定问题的算法,等等。而这些对于我们的作为软件开发者的实际工作而言,相当有意义。(此处内容系转载)

今天介绍一个非常实用的开源类库:Apache Commons,具体的类会在接下来继续学习。先大致了解一下都有哪些。

Apache Commons是Apache软件基金会的项目,曾隶属于Jakarta项目。Commons的目的是提供可重用的、开源的Java代码。Commons由三部分组成:Proper(是一些已发布的项目)、Sandbox(是一些正在开发的项目)和Dormant(是一些刚启动或者已经停止维护的项目)。?

Commons Proper

Commons Proper的目的是建立和维护可重用的Java组件库。Commons Proper是一个协作与共享的地方,Commons的开发者努力确保其组件对其他的软件库的依赖最少,以便可以轻松地部署这些组件。此外,Commons组件会尽可能的保持其接口的稳定,因而Apache用户以及其他Apache项目可以实现这些组件,而无需担心未来接口的变化。 Commons Proper上有四十多个项目,主要可以分为五大类:

组件类别 示例
Codec和Modeler
杂项 CLI、Discovery、Lang和Collections
实用程序 BeanUtils、Configuration、Logging、DBCP、Pool和Validator
Web相关 FileUpload和Net
XML相关 Betwixt、Digester、Jelly和JXPath

其中一些组件及其介绍如下:

Components Description Latest Version Released
BCEL Byte Code Engineering Library - analyze, create, and manipulate Java class files 5.2 2007-06-14
BeanUtils Easy-to-use wrappers around the Java reflection and introspection APIs. 1.9.2 2014-05-29
BSF Bean Scripting Framework - interface to scripting languages, including JSR-223 3.1 2010-24-06
Chain Chain of Responsibility pattern implemention. 1.2 2008-06-02
CLI Command Line arguments parser. 1.2 2009-03-19
Codec General encoding/decoding algorithms (for example phonetic, base64, URL). 1.10 2014-11-09
Collections Extends or augments the Java Collections Framework. 4.0 2013-11-24
Compress Defines an API for working with tar, zip and bzip2 files. 1.9 2014-10-09
Configuration Reading of configuration/preferences files in various formats. 2.0-alpha2 2014-12-20
CSV Component for reading and writing comma separated value files. 1.1 2014-11-27
Daemon Alternative invocation mechanism for unix-daemon-like java code. 1.0.15 2013-03-04
DBCP Database connection pooling services. 2.0.1 2014-05-24
DbUtils JDBC helper library. 1.6 2014-07-20
Digester XML-to-Java-object mapping utility. 3.2 2011-12-13
Discovery Tools for locating resources by mapping service/reference names to resource names. 0.5 2011-04-28
EL Interpreter for the Expression Language defined by the JSP 2.0 specification. 1.0 2003-06-18
Email Library for sending e-mail from Java. 1.3.3 2014-07-11
Exec API for dealing with external process execution and environment management in Java. 1.3 2014-11-06
FileUpload File upload capability for your servlets and web applications. 1.3.1 2014-02-07
Functor A functor is a function that can be manipulated as an object, or an object representing a single, generic function. N/A N/A
Imaging (previously called Sanselan) A pure-Java image library. N/A N/A
IO Collection of I/O utilities. 2.4 2012-06-12
JCI Java Compiler Interface 1.1 2013-10-14
JCS Java Caching System 1.3 2007-06-05
Jelly XML based scripting and processing engine. 1.0 2005-06-16
Jexl Expression language which extends the Expression Language of the JSTL. 2.1.1 2011-12-24
JXPath Utilities for manipulating Java Beans using the XPath syntax. 1.3 2008-08-14
Lang Provides extra functionality for classes in java.lang. 3.4 2015-04-06
Launcher Cross platform Java application launcher. 1.1 2004-08-22
Logging Wrapper around a variety of logging API implementations. 1.2 2014-07-11
Math Lightweight, self-contained mathematics and statistics components. 3.4 2014-12-26
Modeler Mechanisms to create Model MBeans compatible with JMX specification. 2.0.1 2007-06-25
Net Collection of network utilities and protocol implementations. 3.3 2013-06-12
OGNL An Object-Graph Navigation Language N/A N/A
Pool Generic object pooling component. 2.3 2014-12-30
Primitives Smaller, faster and easier to work with types supporting Java primitive types. 1.0 2003-11-05
Proxy Library for creating dynamic proxies. 1.0 2008-02-28
SCXML An implementation of the State Chart XML specification aimed at creating and maintaining a Java SCXML engine.It is capable of executing a state machine defined using a SCXML document, and abstracts out the environment interfaces. 0.9 2008-12-01
Validator Framework to define validators and validation rules in an xml file. 1.4.1 2014-01-13
VFS Virtual File System component for treating files, FTP, SMB, ZIP and such like as a single logical file system. 2.0 2011-08-24
Weaver Provides an easy way to enhance (weave) compiled bytecode. 1.1 2014-09-30

Commons Sandbox

Commons Sandbox是Java组件开发的工作区,在Sandbox中Commons的贡献者协作和检验那些被未列入Commons Proper的项目。Sandbox项目在Commons成员的支持下晋升为Commons Proper项目;大量的开发者协作强化Sandbox项目,直到它们符合推广的标准。

Commons Dormant

Commons Dormant是一个当前处于非活动状态的组件库。用户也可以使用这些组件,但必须自己进行组件的构建。一般而言,这些组件不会在近期发布。

参考资料:

Apache Commons

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